Before class on Tuesday, I'd like you to identify at least five (very) promising sources that you think will be useful for your literature review essay. First, I'd like you to practice putting together a References page using APA style guidelines and post this practice page as a comment to this post.
In a second comment to this post, I'd then like you write a (substantial) summary of one of these sources. In this summary, you should clearly state the main findings, conclusions, or claim of this study. Then, describe succintly the methodology of this study or how this source substantiates its claims. Then, identify a key example that illustrates the main finding or conclusion. Last, conclude by explaining why this source is significant (or how it sheds significant light on ythe larger topic you're exploring) and how it will contribute to your literature review essay. Your summary should be 250-350 words long.
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ReplyDeleteReferences for Literature Review
ReplyDeleteHunter, E. (2008). What's good for gays is good for the gander: making homeless youth housing safer for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Family Court Review, 46 (3), 543-557.
Kushel, M.B, Evans, J.L, Perry, S, Robertson, M.J, & Moss, A.R. (2003). No door to lock: victimization among homeless and marginally housed persons. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163 (20), 2492.
Mottet, L, & Ohle, J. (2006). Transitioning our shelters: making homeless shelters safe for transgender people. Journal of Poverty, 10 (2), 77-101.
Spicer, S. (2010). Healthcare needs of the transgender homeless population. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Mental Health, 14 (4), 320-339.
Transgender men: a demographic snapshot. (2008). Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 20 (3), 221-236.
Summary of Mottet Source
ReplyDeleteThis article, published in the Journal of Poverty (2006) claims that, because many homeless shelters in the United States are segregated by sex, those who identify as gender different from their birth sex, can experience "extreme difficulties in obtaining adequate and safe shelter". The authors of this source go to great lengths to define "transgender" and explain the difficulties that transgender people face regarding isolation and homelessness. For example, an entire section of their study is dedicated solely to the special needs of homeless transgender people. They mention that trans people are at a higher risk of losing their job and becoming homeless in the first place due to prejudice in the family and workplace. Once homeless, these individuals are likely to become involved in street crimes such as prostitution, drug use, theft, etc. This is combined with a high risk of becoming targets for hate crimes and rape. All of this information is used as evidence to prove that transgender individuals posses a greater need for safe housing than other poverty-stricken persons.
The conclusions and recommendations expressed in this article are derived directly from interviews with advocates for transgender homeless persons and based on policies enacted in Boston, Washington D.C, San Francisco, and Toronto, Canada. Such conclusions involve education of shelter workers which involves a policy of respect regarding language and the like. It is also recommended that shelters get in contact with local transgender activists to build a working policy referencing housing, showers, restrooms, and confidentiality. The authors also suggest that signs be placed in the lobby or on the outside of buildings to signal that transgender people are welcomed and respected.
Here are my lit review references thus far:
ReplyDeleteBenda, B.B. (2005). A study of substance abuse, traumata, and social support systems among homeless veterans. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 12 (1), 59-82, doi: 10.1300/J137v12n01•04
Benda, B.B., & House, H.A. (2003). Does PTSD differ according to gender among military veterans? Journal of Family Social Work, 7 (1), 15-34.
Gamache, G. (2003). Overrepresentation of women veterans among homeless women. American Journal of Public Health, 93 (7), 1132-1136.
O’Toole, T.P, et al. (2007). Where do people go when they first become homeless? A survey of homeless adults in the USA. Health & Social Care in the Community, 15 (5), 446-453, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2524.2007.00703.x
Roll, C.N., Toro, P.A., & Ortolo, G.L. (1999). Characteristics and experiences of homeless adults: A comparison of single men, single women, and women with children. Journal of Community Psychology, 27 (2), 189-198.
And here's the summary of the Gamache source:
ReplyDeleteThis article, published in the American Journal of Public Health (2003), aims to explain if, and if there is, why there is an overrepresentation of women veterans among homeless women. Prior research on women veterans in general is scarce, because the majority of veterans are men. Gamache’s (2003) study aims to discover what the proportion of homeless women veterans is and what their risk of homelessness is. The study found that among homeless women, the proportion of homeless veterans is greater than non-veterans. It also found that homeless women veterans were significantly more likely to become homeless than non-veteran women.
The main methodology used in this study was the survey. One of the surveys was clinical, and one was nonclinical. Another survey was also conducted on domiciled women. Data came from the Access to Community Care and Effective Services and Supports (ACCESS) program, the National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients (NSHAPC), and the Current Population Survey (CPS). ACCESS provided information regarding homeless persons with serious mental illness. The NSHAPC provided information regarding homeless persons who used homeless assistance services in a particular year. The CPS provided data regarding homeless women veterans and non-veterans in the domiciled general population.
After the results were collected, it was found that 4.4% of ACCESS and 3.1% of NSHAPC results were homeless women veterans. It was found that the likelihood of homelessness was significantly greater among veterans than non-veterans. At the highest risk were those from ages 45 to 54, where women veterans were more than four times as likely to be homeless as their domiciled counterparts.
This source is significant to the topic I am studying, women homeless veterans, because it shows that women veterans are indeed more at risk to become homeless. This source will be of great use in my literature review essay because it provides conclusive data regarding the rates of homelessness among women veterans.
Here's the list of my sources so far:
ReplyDeleteBuckner, J.C. (2008). Understanding the Impact of Homelessness on Children: Challenges and Future Research Directions. 51 (6) 721-736.
Cumella, S. (1998). The mental health of children in homeless families and their contact with health, education and social services. Health and Social Care in the Community. 6 (5) 331-342.
Murphy, J. (2011). Homeless Children and Youth at Risk: The Educational Impact of Displacement. 16 (1) 38-55. Doi: 10.1080/10824669.2011.554143.
Powers-Costello, E. (2008). Exploring the Dynamics of Teacher Perceptions of Homeless Children and Families during the Early Years. Early Childhood Education Journal. 36 ( 3) 241-245. Doi: 10.1007/s10643-008-0249-0.
Timberlake, E.M. (1994). Homeless Children: Impact of School Attendance on Self-Esteem and Loneliness. Social Work in Education. 16 (1) 9-20.
References
ReplyDeleteBoa, W., Whitebeck, L., & Hoyt, D. (2000). Abuse, support, and depression among homeless and runaway adolescents. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41(4), 408-420.
Flowers, R. B. (2001).Runaway kids and teenage prostitution: America's lost, abandoned, and sexually exploited children. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.
Giffords, E., Alonso, C., & Bell, R. (2007). A transitional living program for homeless adolescents: a case study. Child and Youth Care Forum, 36(4), 141-151.
Lindsey, E. W., Kurtz, P., Jarvis, S., Williams, N. R., & Nackerud, L. (2000). How runaway and homeless youth navigate troubled waters: personal strengths and resources. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 17(2), 115-140.
MackKay, K. A., & Hughes, D. M. (1994). Educating Runaway and Homeless Youths: Perspective of the National Network of Runaway and Youth Services. Social Work in Education, 16(1), 55-63.
Summary of RB Flower's book
ReplyDeleteThe sections of Flowers’ book which specifically addresses the major issues of runaway teens is similar to the opening of Kozol’s book. It presents the factual answers to many of the broad questions about homelessness in respect to teen runaways. These victims are often categorized in different ways, but the two broadest of these categories are runaways and throwaways. Throwaways being teens whom are forced to leave their home by parents or whose disappearance is not reported due to lack of parental concern. It continues with an investigation into the reasons as to why teens run away, thus leading to the categorizing of runaways. Often the motives of a runaway are due to their home life, either being abused by one or both parents or dealing with parental neglect due to a drug or alcohol problem. These home life circumstances often lead to other problems in teenagers such as mental issues, identity issues, or personal drug abuse which can be the root of their decisions to leave home. More dangerous circumstances await runaways who do not enter shelters. These often are issues associated with prostitution; disease, sexual exploitation, substance abuse all become more prevalent among teens who turn to prostitution as a means to provide for themselves. Others also face jail time for various offenses that are driven by their personal problems. The government, however, has implemented various strategies to deal with teen runaways. These include but are not limited to The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act and The Runaway and Homeless Youth Act.
References
ReplyDeleteDammann, K. & Smith, C. (2009). Factors affecting low-income women's food choices and the perceived impact of dietary intake and socioeconomic status on their health and weight. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 41(4). 242-253.
Johnson, L. J., Myung, E., McCool, A. C., & Champaner, E. I. (2009). Nutrition education for homeless women—challenges and opportunities: a pilot study. Journal of Foodservice Business Research. 12. 155-169.
Oliveira, L. (2002). The nutrition status of women and children who are homeless. Nutrition Today. 37(2). 70-77.
Richards, R. & Smith, C. (2007). Environmental, parental, and personal influences on food choice, access, and overweight status among homeless children. Social Science and Medicine. 65(8). 1572-1583
Richards, R. & Smith, C. (2006). The impact of homeless shelters on food access and choice among homeless families in Minnesota. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 38(2). 96-105.
Yousey, Y., Leake, J., Wdowik, M., & Janken, J. K. (2007). Education in a homeless shelter to improve the nutrition of young children. Public Health Nursing, 24(3), 249-255.
Murphy, J. (2011). Homeless Children and Youth at Risk: The Educational Impact of Displacement. 16 (1) 38-55. Doi: 10.1080/10824669.2011.554143.
ReplyDeleteThis study by Murphy (2011) addresses the issue of mobility and how it affects the well being of homeless children and youth. The article first aims to address the idea of three categories of homeless people: “single adults, families with children, and unaccompanied youth” (Murphy 8, 2011). Before delving into the specific issue of homeless children and displacement issues, the article warns of the difficulty of creating statistics about the homeless because of the issue of finding the homeless in the first place. The final findings of Murphy (2011) revolve around the issue of displacement and educational well being of the homeless children. Murphy (2011) finds that the mobility aspect of a homeless lifestyle can have strongly negative impacts on the well being of a homeless child. In order to find this information, he searched through many articles and databases for information about homeless youth, starting with the most basic statistics and moving into more complicated psychological studies. He used the literature to capture the final conclusion of his article.
He found one statistic that “the Better Homes Fund (1999) reported that, in a given school year, 41% of the homeless students attended two different schools; 28% attended three or more different schools” (Murphy, 2011) which then sets children back at least 4-6 months in their education. This led to an investigation within the article of the lack of action within the public school system to bring homeless kids up to the proper level of education.
This article is significant for my topic and literature review essay because I am focusing on the affect homelessness can have on children, psychologically and educationally. This article touches psychological and educational setbacks homeless children experience due to increased mobility in their lives. I will be able to use this article to delve deeper into my issue and specifically the aspect of lack of stability in homeless children’s lives.
(It will also help that it is a more recent study with more recent statistics. )
Summary of Damman and Smith source, “Factors Affecting Low-income Women's Food Choices and the Perceived Impact of Dietary Intake and Socioeconomic Status on Their Health and Weight”
ReplyDeleteThis study was conducted on a sample of low-income women (some homeless and some not) in St. Paul Minnesota, to better identify factors that contribute to low-income women’s food choices, and to give insight into the paradox of low-income yet obese women and children. One of the main findings of the study is that price was the most important determining factor in what food was selected by the women, and health often suffered as a consequence. Many women did not have a well-informed knowledge of nutrition and diet, and even those who did want to eat a more healthy diet found it impossible to do so because of perceived costs. The study also finds that women were usually the main providers of food and food knowledge in families, and therefore children’s diet and health was dependant upon the mothers’ choices. The study concludes that low-income women need better education on proper nutrition, but also that policy changes are needed to improve the accessibility and affordability of healthier foods (such as fresh produce) for low-income families.
To conduct this study the authors used a qualitative method of interviewing small focus groups using certain questions. The questions were framed by the Social Cognitive Theory, which considers personal, behavioral, and environmental aspects of human behavior. Transcripts were made of all the group sessions, and the responses were studied. The authors also considered the race, ethnicity and residential status (whether they were living in a shelter or a home) to identify patterns in the women’s answers. The women’s height and weight were also measured; over 75% of the women were overweight.
An example of one of the many themes that emerged from the focus groups is that of food environment. Many women said that location and transportation affected food choice, and many spoke of shopping at corner stores and convenience stores because larger grocery stores were too far and they did not have transportation. This often resulted in higher-priced, smaller-packaged, less-healthy food choices.
I thought this study had a lot of interesting findings. Although it is pretty well acknowledged that cheaper, high-calorie foods lead to obesity and other health problems, this study identified low-income women’s own perceptions of these issues. It is significant that many low-income women don’t believe that food choice is directly linked to their health problems or even to their weight, and that they don’t consider health to be a determining factor when choosing food for their family.
References:
ReplyDeleteArangua, L., Anderson, R., & Gelberg, L. (2006). The health circumstances of homeless women in the United States. International Journal of Mental Health, 34(2), 62-92.
Hwang, S., Ueng, J., Chiu, S., & Tolomiczenko, G. (2010). Universal health insurance and health care access for homeless persons. American Journal of Public Health, 100(8), 1454-1460.
Baggett, T.P., O’Connell, J.J., Singer, D.E., & Rigotti, N.A. (2010). The unmet health care needs of homeless adults: A national study. American Journal of Public Health, 100(7), 1326-1333.
Kushel, M., Vittinghoff, E., & Haas, J. (2001). Factors associated with the health care utilization of homeless persons. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 285(2), 200-206.
Klein, J.D., Woods, A.H., Wilson, K.M., & Ringwalt, C. (2000). Homeless and runaway youths’ access to health care. Journal of Adolescent Health, 27(5), 331-339.
Summary for the study from the American Journal of Public Health: “Universal Health Insurance and Health Care Access for Homeless Persons” –
ReplyDeleteThis study focuses on a sample of 1200 homeless people currently residing in Ontario, Canada. It examines how even in a universal health care system it is still possible to have unmet medical needs. The question was asked “Have you needed to see a doctor or a nurse in the past 12 months but were not able?” If participants answered yes, they were considered to have unmet needs. Conclusions state that an average of 16% of homeless people consider themselves to have unmet healthcare needs. Single women reported the highest rate with 22% claiming unmet needs, single women with dependent children had the second highest rate with 17% claiming unmet needs, and single men had the lowest rate with only 14% reporting their health care needs to be unmet.
Participants in the study described a range of barriers that prohibited them from obtaining health care. These included both “financial and nonfinancial barriers”. For some it was mainly a financial concern. A universal health system exists in which an insurance card is required to be presented during medical visits. While 315 of participants had an insurance card at one point, they were no longer in possession of the card primarily because it had been lost or stolen. Thus, they would be responsible for making a payment which many participants explained they would not be able to do.
Nonfinancial barriers to obtaining health care were also described. These included things such as having other priorities (i.e. food, shelter, access to a bathroom, etc.), a lack of transportation, or a fear of being judged by health care providers for being homeless. The fear of judgment was a reason that was most common among adolescents. The study concludes that even within a universal health care system, homeless people still encounter barriers in obtaining adequate medical care.
References
ReplyDeleteSager, R. (2010). Faith based social services: saving the body or the soul? A research note. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50, 201-210. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2010.01560.x
MacGrillivray, L., Ardell, A.L., & Curwen, M.S. (2010). Libraries, churches, and schools: the literate lives of mothers and children in a homeless shelter. Urban Education, 45(2), 221-245. doi: 10.1177/0042085908322721
Kennard-Lyke, K. (2004). Renewal of the spirit: exploring the religiousness and spiritual coping strategies of the homeless. NACSW Convention October 2007. Abstract retrieved from: www.nacsw.org
Sager, R. & Stephens, L.S. (2005). Serving up sermons: clients’ reactions to religious elements at congregation-run feeding establishments. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 34(3), 297-315. doi: 10.1177/0899764005275203
Lee, B.A., Tyler, K.A., & Wright, J.D. (2010). The new homelessness revisited. Annual Review of Sociology, 36, 501-521. doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-115940
Osinskii, I, Khabaeva I, Baldaeva, I. (2004) The homeless. Sociological Research Vol. 43 Issue 3, p54-66.
ReplyDeleteFujimura C. (2002) Adult stigmatization and the hidden power of homeless children in Russia. Demokratizatsiya Vol. 10 Issue 1, p37.
Alekseeva, L. (2005) The homeless as objects of social discreditation. Sociological Research Vol. 44 Issue 4, p6-21.
Elliott M. (2008) Russian children at risk. Religion in Eastern Europe Vol. 28 Issue 3, p1-26.
Shakarishvili S., Dubovskaya L., Zohrabyan L., St Lawrence J., Aral S., Dugasheva L., Okan S., Lewis J., Parker K., Ryan C. (2005) Sex work, drug use, HIV infection, and spread of sexually transmitted infections in Moscow, Russian Federation. Lancet Vol. 366, p57-60.
In Alekseeva's article, The Homeless as Objects of Social Discreditation, he talks about the social challenges facing a person experiencing homelessness in Russia. Alekseeva starts off by going into the term used in Russia that is often used to describe the homeless, even by officials, which is bomzhi. This word carries with it a huge amount of negative connotations and is seen as part of the problem that the homeless people in Russia have with their own image. By using this derogatory term in matters of state the Russian government is essentially saying that it is alright to look down on the homeless in Russia and is perpetuating a social stereotype about the homeless that is extremely negative and is part of the reason that the homeless and Russia have a hard time rising out of their plight. Alekseeva goes on to talk about the process of becoming homeless from a phycological standpoint. From losing ones home, to moving in with relations, to going out on the street and becoming truly homeless. Alekseeva goes on to point out that the solutions that the Russian government has tried to implement thus far have been grossly inadequate and that there is a great deal more that needs to be done by the government to help to aid these people.
ReplyDeleteReferences:
ReplyDeleteCochran, Bryan N., Stewart, Angela J., Ginzler, Joshua A., & Cauce, Ana Mari. (2002). Challenges faced by homeless sexual minorities: comparison of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender homeless adolescents with their heterosexual counterpart. American Journal of Public Health, 92(5), 773-777. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.92.5.773.
Love, Joanna R. (2008). Runaways and street kids: risks and interventions for
homeless youth. The Graduate Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1 (1), 78-85. Available at: http://epublications.marquette.edu/gjcp/vol1/iss1/7
Thompson, S. J., Bender, K., Windsor, L., Cook, M. S., & Williams, T. (2010). Homeless youth: characteristics, contributing factors, and service options. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 20(2), 193-217. doi:10.1080/10911350903269831
Walls, N. N., Potter, C., & Leeuwen, J. (2009). Where risks and protective factors operate differently: homeless sexual minority youth and suicide attempts. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 26(3), 235-257. doi:10.1007/s10560-009-0172-2
Whitbeck, Les B.,Chen, Xiaojin, Hoyt, Dan R., Tyler, Kimberly A., & Johnson, Kurt D.. Mental disorder, subsistence strategies, and victimization among gay, lesbian, and bisexual homeless and runaway adolescents. The Journal of Sex Research, 41 (4), 329-342. doi: 10.1080/00224490409552240
The goal of Bryan N. Cochran, MS, Angela J. Stewart, BA, Joshua A. Ginzler, PhD, and Ana Mari Cauce’s study Challenges Faced by Homeless Sexual Minorities:Comparison of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Homeless Adolescents With Their Heterosexual Counterparts was to identify differences between LGBT homeless youths and their heterosexual counterparts in terms of physical and mental health difficulties. Using a sample of 84 GLBT adolescents and 84 heterosexual adolescents they were matched in regard to age and self-reported gender. The two samples were compared on
ReplyDeletea variety of psychosocial variables. Holistically they found LGBT adolescents left home more frequently, were victimized more often, used highly addictive substances more frequently, had higher rates of psychopathology, and had more sexual partners than heterosexual adolescents. Homeless youths who identify themselves as members of sexual minority groups are at increased risk for negative outcomes. Now between 11% and 36% of homeless youth identify as LGBT. The study is rather significant due to its solution driven context, the authors write extensively on steps that could be taken to curtail this pervasive problem. For example primary interventions that PREVENT homeless could be therapeutic services to assist families in dealing with adolescents' sexual identity. Secondary interventions that could benefit LGBT homeless youth would involve recognition of the particular difficulties faced by this group and “provision of services sensitive to issues of sexual orientation.” These include STDs, AIDs, drug abuse, tailored programs due to the high risk LGBT youth face in encountering these problems.
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ReplyDeleteReferences
ReplyDeleteZlotnick, C., Robertoson, M.J., & Wright, M.A. (1999). The impact of childhood foster care and other out of home placement on homeless women and their children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(11),1057-1068. doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00082-4
Tyler, K.A., & Melander, L.A. (2010). Foster care placement, poor parenting, and negative outcomes among homeless young adults. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 19(6), 787-794. doi: 10.1007/s10826-010-9370-y
Zlotnick, C. (2009). What research tells us about the intersecting streams of homeless and foster care. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79(3), 319-325. doi: 10.1037/a0017218
Barrow, S.M., & Lawinksi, T. (2009). Contexts of mother-child separations in homeless families. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 9(1), 157-176. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-2415.2009.01171.x
Zlotnick, C., Tam, T., & Bradley, K. (2007). Impact of adulthood trauma on homeless mothers. Community Mental Health Journal, 43(1), 13-32. doi: 10.1007/s10597-006-9070-7
References
ReplyDeleteRivera, L. (2008). Laboring to learn: women's literacy and poverty in the post-welfare era. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Murphy, J. (2011). Homeless children and youth at risk: the educational impact of displacement. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk; Vol.16 Issue 1, p38-55, 18p
Wall, J. (1996) Homeless children and their families: delivery of educational and social services through School Systems. Social Work in Education; Jul96, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p135-144, 10p
Stronge, J. (1999) Educating homeless children and youth with dignity and care. Journal for a Just and Caring Education; Vol.5 Issue 1, p7,12p
Perlman, S. (2010) Timing and influence of early experiences of child maltreatment and homelessness on children’s educational well-being. Children and Youth Services Review; Vol.32 Issue 6, p874-883, 10p
Zlotnick, C., Robertoson, M.J., & Wright, M.A. (1999). The impact of childhood foster care and other out of home placement on homeless women and their children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(11),1057-1068. doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00082-4
ReplyDeleteThe objective of this study was to compare homeless women who experienced foster care and out-of-home placement to those who hadn’t. There is also a search conducted for a correlation between children raised away from their parents and weather their mothers were ever in the foster care system themselves. The two hypotheses presented were that homeless women who had histories of childhood out-of-home-placement would experience “more childhood adversities, more health difficulties, and more psychological problems than those without,” and that the children of mothers who experienced out-of-home living are more likely to not be living with their families.
This article goes into great depth about the methodology of the study. The geographic boundary was Alameda County, and within this area, participants were closely investigated to ensure that the survey was not weighted. The study includes all strata of applicants from varying types of shelters, with 29 locations in all. 179 homeless women from these shelters were interviewed and assessed based on their histories in living in foster care, group homes, juvenile detention, or family care. The past welfare of these women’s families were taken into account, along with the participants’ histories of arrests, substance abuse, physical and sexual abuse, “running away from home”, and homelessness as minors. The ages and living situations of their children were also recorded.
This study could not conclude that women’s childhood histories of foster care and out-of-home placement affected the living situation of their own children, but it acknowledges that there is a potential cycle of poverty and homelessness that can be instilled when children are not raised by their families. 61.5% of the mothers interviewed had at least one child who was not living with them. The study found that mothers with current substance abuse were 3.69 times more likely to not have their children living with them. It is suggested that adverse childhoods of these women helped lead to their poor states of “riskier behaviors”, particularly alcohol and drug use.
This article is significant to my study of the relationship between foster care and homelessness because it suggests that the experiences homeless children face affect how their own children are raised. It presents an interesting idea that when homeless children are placed into foster care or another form of out-of-home living, a cycle is put into place that will result with later generations left a similar situation. This study also suggests reasons for why mothers may have had to give their children up, one of which is education. A homeless child is prone to missing many days of school, and education is imperative to improving the state of homeless individuals, so mothers elect to place their children where they are more likely to receive a consistent and thorough education.
Wall, J. (1996) Homeless children and their families: delivery of educational and social services through School Systems. Social Work in Education; Jul96, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p135-144, 10p
ReplyDeleteIn Wall’s article, Homeless Children and their Families: Delivery of Educational and Social Services Through School Systems, he concisely outlines the major environmental, psychosocial, and institutional factors that negatively affect the ability of homeless children to receive educational and social services. School social workers perform essential roles and functions in addressing the concerns of homeless children and their families. Their use of developing strategies such as individual, familial, institutional, and community level that give them opportunities to develop comprehensive educational and social services for these children and their families. Wall’s also talks about the institutional barriers that exist, as well as creating policies and service delivery systems that are more conducive to assisting these children and their families. Essentially, social workers hold the knowledge and skills related to understanding and intervening at the multiple levels, therefore, it is imperative for these professionals to be actively involved in the development and provision of services to this exceptionally vulnerable and oppressed population. In order to back up his finds, Wall uses scholarly work that has been done on the subject before.
This source is significant to my topic because I want to explore the educational programs within the welfare system. Although I know little of the programs that exist, I believe this article is relevant to my topic because it explores some initiatives that have been put forth to alleviate the issue of education and homelessness. Social work might be a large contributor to the program and its effectiveness.
Serving Up Sermons, a study determining the reactions of clients to religious based elements in church run feeding establishments, found that two-thirds of those they observed and interviewed held negative feelings about their experiences to obtain food in the spiritual settings. It was found that sermons tended to ignore the knowledge and experience of clients and overtly assumed that clients were solely responsible for their own troubles. This conclusion was reached after visiting eight congregations, five involved in a network of congregations serving communal dinners and three independent feeding services. The congregations ranged from fundamentalist Protestant to liberal Catholic, non-denominational Christian being the most common. No liberal Protestant congregations were included in the study. Then face-to-face research was conducted with 30 people suffering from homelessness that visited these congregations for food. The main finding was that the homeless population is a religious population, based on that 26 of the 30 interviewed believed in God, yet there were four reasons for disliking the sermons being placed in their feeding time. Those four reasons are: feelings of forced religion, identifying faith based workers as hypocrites or not real Christians, an objection to the specific religious message contained in the sermon, and a view of the workers as condescending. The source laments that there were few liberal choices of congregations to observe, but that the homeless explicitly stated they enjoyed having choices when it came to the food being provided and the choice to pray.
ReplyDeleteThis source is significant because it is a clear description of how religious bodies come forth to help those in need, but also how religion is used within those systems to “help” the homeless. It also shows the feelings of the homeless; what they think about the sermons, what they would like done differently, and how it affects their own relationship with God. It will contribute to my essay because it opens up the idea of how homeless people are treated differently because of their beliefs in God. Often times believing in a God is associated with being human. The lack of a God allows people to dehumanize those that are homeless. It shows what difference, or lack thereof, a religious institution can have on those suffering from homelessness.
Gwadz, M., Cleland, C. M., Quiles, R., Nish, D., Welch, J., Michaels, L. S., & Leonard, N. R. (2010). CDC HIV testing guidelines and the rapid and conventional testing practices of homeless youth. AIDS Education & Prevention, 22(4), 312-327. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
ReplyDeleteKidder, D. P., Wolitski, R. J., Campsmith, M. L., & Nakamura, G. V. (2007). Health status, health care use, medication use, and medication adherence among homeless and housed people living with HIV/AIDS. American Journal of Public Health, 97(12), 2238-2245. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Linton, A. B., Singh, M. D., Turbow, D., & Legg, T. J. (2009). Street youth in Toronto, Canada: An investigation of demographic predictors of HIV status among street youth who access preventive health and social services. Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services, 8(4), 375-396. doi:10.1080/15381500903417562
Marshall, B. L. (2008). The contextual determinants of sexually transmissible infections among street-involved youth in North America. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 10(8), 787-799. doi:10.1080/13691050802295719
Smith, M. Y., Rapkin, B. D., Winkel, G., Springer, C., Chhabra, R., & Feldman, I. S. (2000). Housing status and health care service utilization among low-income persons with HIV/AIDS. JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine, 15(10), 731. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Here is a list of some of my sources:
ReplyDeleteEl-Bassel, N., et al (2001). Correlates of Partner Violence Among Female Street-Based Sex Workers: Substance Abuse, History of Childhood Abuse, and HIV Risks. AIDS PATIENT CARE and STDs, 15(Number 1), 11. Retrieved April 3, 2011, from the Academic Search Complete database.
Falk, G. (2001). Stigma: how we treat outsiders. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books.
Linda, L. H., & Alan, R. L. (2004). Prevalence and Predictors of Sexual Risks Among Homeless Youth. Journal of Youth and Adoolescence , 33(Number 1), 10. Retrieved April 4, 2011, from the Academic Search Complete database.
Neill, M. (2001). Prostitution and feminism . Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Sun, A. (2009). Helping substance-abusing women of vulnerable populations: effective treatment principles and strategies. New York: Columbia University Press.
Summary
ReplyDelete“Psychiatric comorbidity in older adults with bipolar disorder” by Martha Sajatovic1, Frederic C. Blow, and Rosalinda V. Ignacio explains that based on a survey there is a range from 0.1% to 0.4% of individuals over 65 years of age that have bipolar disorder. The article reveals that, “In older adult populations with depression, the presence of comorbid anxiety is associated with more severe depressive symptoms, more chronic medical illness, greater functional impairment and lower quality of life” (Sajatovic M., Blow F., Ignacio R., 2006, p1). The article explains that the study was conducted through research in the National Psychosis Registry on veterans that have psychosis and have received services from 1988 to today. The cost of those services included “hospital costs, outpatient costs, psychiatric costs and pharmacy costs” (Sajatovic M., Blow F., Ignacio R., 2006, p3). The study focused on the “clinical characteristics of geriatric veterans with BPD and comorbid PTSD, substance abuse, other anxiety disorder or dementia in FY01” (Sajatovic M., Blow F., Ignacio R., 2006, p4). Many people believe that homeless people waste their money on drugs, but the article illustrates that there low percentages of subjects with this problem: “There were 4,668 individuals with BPD who were comorbid for either substance abuse, PTSD and other anxiety disorder or dementia (28.6% of all veterans with BPD age 60 or older). Among older veterans with BPD, comorbid substance abuse was seen in 1,460 patients (8.9%), comorbid PTSD was seen in 875 (5.4%), other comorbid anxiety disorders in 1592 (9.8%), and comorbid dementia in 741 (4.5%)” (Sajatovic M., Blow F., Ignacio R., 2006, p4). The article reached the conclusion that “Individuals with substance abuse in this elderly bipolar population are more likely to be younger, minority, unmarried and homeless compared to elderly bipolar populations with anxiety disorders or dementia” (Sajatovic M., Blow F., Ignacio R., 2006, p5). Since this study mostly included veterans, the population of the study was mostly male. Thus, the article realizes that “comorbidity presentations might differ from a more gender-balanced population” (Sajatovic M., Blow F., Ignacio R., 2006, p5). People with bipolar disorder, especially among the homeless, may have other disorders, too, but the stereotype that those homeless abuse drugs is really a small percent.
The article "Prevalence and Predictors of Sexual Risks Among Homeless Youth" was primarily referencing a study that was conducted to see what were common sexual risks that homeless adolescences faced and what factors were associated with those risks. I chose to look at this article primarily because it talks about the concept of "survival sex" which is different from but associated with the topic of prostitution. This study set out to find out about the sexual practices of young homeless people between the ages of 15-22. Those who conducted the study attempted to get a variation of genders and racial backgrounds. This study essentially discovered that one-fifth of those interviewed reported a history of survival sex. Survival sex was defined in this context as receiving money, drugs, clothing, shelter, or food in exchange for sex. This study discovered that homeless youth are more likely to have sex earlier than non-homeless youth, have more than one partner, and participate in other risky sexual behavior. There were 203 participants of which more than half were male. Over half of the women in the sample, however, admitted to having been pregnant at least once. Other risk factors were also associated with those who were homeless participating in survival sex such as drug and alcohol usage.
ReplyDeleteReferences
ReplyDeleteSajatovic M., Blow F. & Ignacio R. (2006) Psychiatric comorbidity in older adults with bipolar disorder. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 21: 582–587.
North C., Eyrich K., Pollio D. & Spitznagel E. (2004) Are Rates of Psychiatric Disorders in the Homeless Population Changing? American Journal of Public Health, 94 (1), 103-108.
Lam J. & Rosenheck R. (2000) Correlates of Improvement in Quality of Life Among Homeless Persons With Serious Mental Illness. Psychiatric Services. 51:116-118.
Bassuk E., Buckner J., Perloff J. & Bassuk S. (1998) Prevalence of Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders Among Homeless and Low-Income Housed Mothers . American Journal of Psychiatry 155:1561-1564.
Lipton F., Siegel C., Hannigan A., Samuels J. & Baker S. (2000) Tenure in Supportive Housing for Homeless Persons With Severe Mental Illness. Psychiatric Services. 51:479-486.
This source is significant to me because it addresses the less spoken about topic of survival sex. Although the original idea I had for my paper was simply prostitution and homelessness I realized how survival sex factored into this idea and should further be explored.
ReplyDeleteReferences for Literature Review Essay
ReplyDeleteBaldry, E., McDonnell, D., Maplestone, P., Peeters, M. (2006). Ex-Prisoners, Homelessness and the State in Australia. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 39(1), 20-33. http://anj.sagepub.com/content/39/1/20.full.pdf
Greenberg, G. A., Rosenheck, R. A. (2008). Jail Incarceration, Homelessness, and Mental Health: A National Study. Psychiatric Services, 59(2), 170-177. ps.psychiatryonline.org
Gunnison, E., Helfgott, J. B. (2011). Factors that Hinder Offender Reentry Success: A View From Community Corrections Officers. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55(2), 287-304. doi: 10.1177/0306624X09360661
Harding, A., Harding, J. (2006). Inclusion and exclusion in the re-housing of former prisoners. Probation Journal: The Journal of Community and Criminal Justice, 53(2), 137-153. doi: 10.1177/0264550506063566
Howerton, A., Burnett, R., Byng, R., Campbell, J. (2009). The Consolations of Going Back to Prison: What ‘Revolving Door’ Prisoners Think of Their Prospects. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 48, 439-461. doi: 10.1080/10509670902979710
Malone, D. K. (2009) Assessing Criminal History as a Predictor of Future Housing Success for Homeless Adults with Behavioral Health Disorders. Psychiatric Services, 60(2), 224-230. ps.psychiatryonline.org
Richie, B. E. (2001) Challenges Incarcerated Women Face as They Return to Their Communities: Findings from Life History Interviews. Crime & Delinquency, 47(3), 368-389. doi: 10.1177/0011128701047003005
Varghese, F. P., Hardin, E. E., Bauer, R. L., Morgan, R. D. (2010). Attitudes Toward Hiring Offenders: The Roles of Criminal History, Job Qualifications, and Race. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 54(5), 769-782. doi: 10.1177/0306624X09344960